Public Relations Interview

Kaiser Permanente is a coordinated overseen care consortium based situated in Oakland, California. Kaiser Permanente advanced from modern medicinal services programs for development, shipyard, and steel plant laborers for the Kaiser mechanical organizations during the late 1930s and 1940s (â€Å"Kaiser Permanente,† 2013, para. 1). Kaiser Permanente is comprises of three unmistakable elements, the Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, the self-sufficient provincial Permanente Medical Groups, and the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan.Kaiser gives clinical consideration all through the eight areas, the Kaiser Foundation Health Plans (KFHP) works with the representative, managers, and individual individuals who offer prepaid wellbeing plans and protection. The wellbeing plans give framework and are not to benefit that contribute to Kaiser Foundation Hospitals that gives charge absolved sanctuary to the revenue driven clinical gatherings. The Permanente Medical Groups are claimed by the doctor organizations.They mastermind, and give clinical consideration to Kaiser Foundation Health Plan individuals. The clinical gatherings are revenue driven proficient enterprises, and organizations that get the financing from the Kaiser Foundation Health Plans. The leader emergency clinic for Kaiser Permanente is the Oakland Medical Center. The office has : 761 doctors (among Oakland and Richmond Medical Centers), 341 beds, 14-bed perioperative office, and 60 basic consideration beds (â€Å"Kaiser Permanente,† 2013, para.3). The Oakland Medical Center is a strength clinical focus that utilized board ensured specialists, and doctors who instruct at notable colleges like the University of California at San Francisco. They give a wide cluster of profoundly particular consideration units, including Comprehensive pediatric consideration program (â€Å"Kaiser Permanente,† 2013, para. 5).a.Cochlear inserts b.Genetics c.Kidney stone and gallstone treatment d.Neonatal concentrated consideration e.Pediatric neurosurgery f.Spine surgeryInstant overall correspondences make it more significant than any other time in recent memory to deal with an organization's picture and control how an organization interfaces with its clients (Sardisco, 2013, para. 1). Advertising is an embodiment of any organization whether an organization is private or open, benefit or charitable and its status will characterize its prosperity. Present day advertising professionals have confronted more troubles and difficulties as the data for quick, and showcasing globalization modify the pace and scene of the profession.I met the Public Relations Affairs chief of association, she covers the East Bay Region of Northern California that incorporates Oakland, Richmond Alameda, and Pinole. I have worked with her in different activities featuring the work we are doing in the nursing units to improve our patient fulfillment, and care understanding. As a Public Relations Manager she assumes an imper ative job in our interchanges, and advertising division. She works as a team with the national, local, and neighborhood advertising branch of our organization.One thing that I am astonished is the means by which steady and normalized their correspondences plan over the area; they are predictable with the message they are providing for the network, and to people in general. As a PR supervisor she creates and executes vital advertising projects to accomplish huge brand mindfulness. As an open connection undertakings chief, she has the basic work of setting Kaiser’s hearts, and brains of the key investors that incorporates the patients, imminent individuals, clinicians, writer policymakers, and executives.She is dependable in various interrelated divisions devoted in propelling the associations crucial advancing, and securing Kaiser Permanente brand by supporting a fruitful procedure that incorporates issues, and brand the board, corporate interchanges, advertising, media, and p artners relations, open issues inside, and remotely. She manages advertising staff that chips away at various territories; media relations, business †business interchanges, research, charity, manageability, wellbeing IT, and social insurance changes. She likewise shared that Oakland Medical Center has a proper advertising plan.It has a powerful print, media, communicate media pack. The hearty arrangement incorporate news discharges, open administrations, pamphlet, network, and noble cause occasions, creation, and support of site, webcasts, media visits, spotlight new projects, news observing, full use if web based life, and web by taking an interest in the online discussions. It is significant for the association to advance significant messages to the general population to have a picture, and great impression of the association. They additionally have booked advertising program that routinely show up in the fundamental network calendars.Planning for the startling emergencies is another significant capacity of the open connection. A model was during the fire at the Chevron Richmond treatment facility last 2012 that occurred close to the Richmond Medical focus that has a similar permit with Oakland. Kaiser Richmond Medical Center has served a few dozen of individuals who went to the crisis room that whined brevity of breath and individuals were genuinely sick. The fire has influenced the nature of air over contra cost and El Cerrito Hills. They made advertising intend to deal with the emergency and bolster the network by giving access the media, neighborhood police, and government.She likewise shared a portion of the difficulties as an advertising administrator is staying aware of the quickly changing media condition. To have the exact current data and consistency in arriving at the correct contact, at the opportune time with the right data is likewise significant. Control the new media roads in appropriate manner like Facebook, twitters, and LinkedIn. Inst ructions to work around the continually changing perspectives around the customary methodologies. Advancement of a viable procedure from a one †one media connection not in a one size plan.Marketing, and advertising; both are significant outer elements of the firm and both offer a shared conviction with respect to item exposure and buyer relations, simultaneously, in any case; they work on various levels and from alternate points of view and observations (Turney, 2001, para. 3). What I realized is that both open, and showcasing relations has experienced extreme development, and advancement, it increased expanded impact in the business world as they grew new systems, and activities that anticipated positive, and forceful correspondence in bigger public.The customary discernment is that promoting exists to serve, sense, and fulfill customers’ requirements for a benefit. In Public relations help its open and association to adjust commonly to one another. In promoting it bols ters the exchange of administrations, and merchandise from the maker, and the supplier to the customer. The prompt objective of advertising is to accomplish a comprehension of the organization’s position with people in general while marketing’s objective is deals. Advertising characteristic objective is to have a positive discernment and inclination while promoting is to pick up profit.Public relations estimation of achievement is confirm by open help, and communicated open opinion’ while marketing’s estimation of accomplishment is the amount of income, and deals it produces. Most association utilize just one of these orders, a few uses both. This relies upon the degree that they use; it fluctuates from association to association dependent on the size, reason, and special authoritative foundation. Kaiser has three elements the emergency clinic obviously has the open illicit relationships and the wellbeing plan division utilizes the showcasing strategy.If an association is not-for-profit like Kaiser Permanente Hospital Oakland Medical Center essential objective is to serve the general population, and the network. Advertising are progressively conspicuous capacity since it constructs relationship with its individuals. The open issues office facilitates, and scatters open data, network undertakings, and relations. A business for benefit and spotlights on showcasing, and deals, and picking up benefit is the most predominant capacity. Advertising are the optional capacity and are finished to improve, and upgrade the promoting endeavors.

Discuss attitudes to love + marriage in Pride and Prejudice essays

Talk about mentalities to cherish + marriage in Pride and Prejudice papers Set in late eighteenth Century Regency England, Pride and Prejudice is the representation of the battles of ladies finding the unavoidable spouse and of a general public that has faith in male predominance. Through Elizabeth Bennets energetic insight and want in finding a man she genuinely cherishes there is the complexity of her closest companion, Charlotte Lucas wedding for comfort. Austen delineates the perspectives on affection and marriage in a period that marriage to a noble man of riches was the objective of most womens lives: A ladys creative mind is quick; it bounces from esteem to cherish, from adoration to marriage in a second. We can see the significance of marriage from the beginning of the novel, Its impact over the characters and occasions of the novel is alluded to in the amusing opening sentence: It is a reality all around recognized, that a solitary man possessing a favorable luck, must be in need of a spouse. Through Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen depicts the accepted ways of thinking about marriage at that point. She does this through her utilization of characters and their individual perspectives on marriage and love. Societys perspective on marriage is apparent through the numerous characters who express money related perspectives on the holy organization. She utilizes Elizabeth Bennet to show the complexity between marriage for adoration and marriage of the time. Elizabeth Bennets sees were a lot of dismissed around then. Jane Austen utilizes this differentiation to show satisfaction is all the more regularly found in Elizabeth Bennets hopeful perspectives than in taking a risk with a man of favorable luck. Elizabeth Bennets hopeful perspectives are that she needs to wed for affection. Numerous young ladies may feel comparatively to Elizabeth Bennet yet in the sequential atmosphere of the hour of Pride and Prejudice, if a decent marriage was offered she would acknowledge. For instance, Charlotte Lucas. Charlotte Lucas is the oldest youngster ... <!

Global Warming Causes, Effects, and Solutions Essay

A dangerous atmospheric devation is the ascent in the normal temperature of Earths air and seas since the late nineteenth century and its anticipated continuation. Numerous individuals don't consider this to be an issue. In any case, it is at present an enormous issue that is frequently discussed among researchers and numerous others. A dangerous atmospheric devation is brought about by a wide range of things. Ozone harming substances, deforestation, and sun oriented movement are three distinctive demonstrated realities that cause a dangerous atmospheric devation. An unnatural weather change isn't something that will vanish; it is possibly going to deteriorate if individuals don't begin taking care of business. The primary driver of an unnatural weather change is the consuming of ozone harming substances. A portion of the principle gases are: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and the loss of backwoods. The greater part of the unsafe gasses are radiated by people through the ignition of petroleum products in vehicles, manufacturing plants, and power creation. In any case, why and how do these particular gases cause an Earth-wide temperature boost, it is on the grounds that these gases have altogether different warmth catching capacities. A particle of methane delivers in excess of multiple times the warming of an atom of CO2. Nitrous oxide is multiple times more impressive than CO2. Different gases, for example, chlorofluorocarbons (which have been prohibited in a significant part of the world since they likewise corrupt the ozone layer), have heat-catching possible a great many occasions more noteworthy than CO2. But since their focuses are a lot of lower than CO2, none of these gases adds as much warmth to the air as CO2 does. Trees give a significant environment work by putting away carbon, a reason for environmental change, in their biomass. Right now the universes timberlands store 283 billion tons of carbon in their biomass. A large portion of the universes tropical timberlands have been cleared or debased. Consistently, at any rate 4,500 sections of land of timberland tumble to cutting tools, blades, blazes, or pieces of machinery. In 2012 3,000,000 hectares of develop timberlands were chopped down. This is a making impact a worldwide temperature alteration and keeps on rising each year. Something many refer to as sun oriented action is additionally thinking behind a dangerous atmospheric devation. Sun oriented action is just the measure of warmth that falls off of the sun. Researchers can advise that sun powered movement adds to an unnatural weather change in light of the fact that there have been ongoing changes in temperatures at various levels in the Earths environment. There are models demonstrating how the nursery impact is warming the lower some portion of the climate (known as the troposphere) yet cooling the upper air (known as the stratosphere). Nonetheless, if the sun was answerable for the watched warming, warming of both the troposphere and stratosphere would be normal. An unnatural weather change additionally has incalculable quantities of impacts in the earth. It has been demonstrated that the expansion in Earths normal temperatures have just been making huge amounts of ice liquefy around the world, likewise causing ocean levels to increment after some time. It is likewise making precipitation increment worldwide overall. It is anticipated that in the event that we don't stop a worldwide temperature alteration different impacts could happen in the not so distant future, for example, Hurricanes and different tempests getting more grounded, floods and dry seasons will turn out to be progressively normal, and biological systems will change to the point of some getting wiped out. The entirety of this stuff may not sound that terrible, however you need to imagine that over hundreds of years and hundreds of years it is just going to continue deteriorating. There are things we can do to assist this, with solving this. In the event that mankind were avoid utilizing ozone harming substances, or even quit utilizing them all together, it would help gigantically. Contingent upon our decisions researchers state it can just increment by 2. 5 degrees, or increment by 10. There are additionally different alternatives to decrease the gases we radiate into the environment. We could attempt to diminish them by expanding the measure of gases we remove from the environment. This can be accomplished by planting more trees, expanding forestlands, and changing the manner in which we ranch. These things would assist with expanding the measure of carbon dioxide we are putting away. An unnatural weather change is something that is still around today and will keep on being near on the off chance that we don't choose to take care of business. There are numerous reasons for it, some to which are as yet obscure to researchers. For each cause there is an impact, and this sadly is certifiably not something beneficial for Earth. Anyway there are answers for turn around the impact of an unnatural weather change. Despite the fact that a portion of these thoughts have fallbacks, there are an assortment of alternatives that put us on a way toward a progressively steady atmosphere. Work Cited: 1. http://condition. nationalgeographic. com/condition/an unnatural weather change/gw-arrangements 2. http://www. facingthefuture. organization 3. http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Global_warming#Solar_activity Video: 1. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ROZJmX73FF4

Police Organizational Theories free essay sample

Police Organization The association of police offices in the United States is unpredictable. While many know the general breakdown between government, state and nearby offices; the vast majority don't comprehend the association of the different agencies_ Starting with the most essential breakdown of organizations and their jobs and duties in the joins States, bureaucratic offices are liable for authorizing administrative level laws, state offices are liable for basically state explicit laws, and neighborhood offices include nearby laws.Of rouser, Jurisdiction has an influence in this idea additionally, with Jurisdiction being principally limited to the office name. For instance, state police have Jurisdiction in their specific state. Occasions In the ongoing past have changed the hierarchical structure of a few government offices. For instance, the Department of Homeland security was made and there are seven organizations remember for this new office. These organizations are: Transportation Security Administration, Secret Service, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Coast Guard, Federal Emergency Management Agency,Customs and Border Patrol, and Citizenship and Immigration Services. We will compose a custom paper test on Police Organizational Theories or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This association of the organizations all under one office takes into account sharing of Information and assets. State police offices have the sort of association. Each state may have various names for their individual offices under their influence, however they will all differ from watch to examinations. Nearby offices are the place association can turns out to be less included. A greater part of organizations are little, and may have just watch and potentially an examination unit.While these offices may to have the isolated units for managing specific circumstances, they can generally pool extra assets from province or state offices. A case of that would be labor to have an uncommon group to research the danger or solicit the whole school, yet they can call the state police for help. This is one zone where the jobs and obligations of all law authorization organizations interweave. Law implementation offices may vary the nation over to the extent their authoritative structure, yet all offices are available to uphold the traditions that must be adhered to and ensure hose living in the nation.

Calamitatum Of The Individual

Calamitatum Of The Individual Essay In the domain of basic reasoning, Abelard without a doubt positioned profoundly in his day. He was a specialist dialectician, savant and scholar, and therefore drove a development towards singular reasoning. He voyaged a desolate way of uniqueness, and when his thoughts were smothered, he discovered various approaches to communicate his independence. An amazing start was set apart by outrageous individual flexibility. As his excursion through life proceeded, he ended up exacerbated with incalculable limitations. The job of priest couldn't change Abelard, and his distinction brought him significantly more noteworthy setback. He may caution others against the dangers of such outrageous independence, however his life unmistakably shows that Abelard thought his singularity was a characteristic piece of him, a section that was as indistinguishable as his confidence. From the earliest starting point of Abelards Story of my Calamities he depicts himself as a person. The as most established kid in his family his life was proposed for a military vocation, yet as he lets us know, he deserted Mars for Minerva, upbraiding the famous and superb calling of arms for that of learning. Recorded as a hard copy this he shows his sharp and particular perspective by alluding to persuasion, the craft of looking at choices or thoughts intelligently, as a weapon of war. I picked the weapons of rationalization to the various lessons of reasoning, and furnished with these I picked the contentions of controversy rather than the trophies of war. (p. 58, ll. 7-9). This is noteworthy for the child of a warrior to settle on such a decision in any event, repudiating his legacy and seek after just educated progression. Venturing out from home, he made a trip off to class in Paris. He was invited for a brief timeframe, yet before long discovered disapproval with his instructor Champeaux, the fantastic ace of persuasion at that point, by disproving his contentions and demonstrating himself a few times to be the unrivaled in banter. This shows Abelards predominant mind at an early age. This is no uncertainty a significant explanation behind his uniqueness. One of his scholarly position thinks that its difficult to adjust to others gauges, and normally turns into a display when demonstrating his aptitudes. This early clash made Abelard leave and start his own school. Lamentably, he was unable to keep up it and needed to get back. A long time later he was instructing in Paris once more, he reveals to us how students rushed to him from each nation in Europe, an explanation which is more than confirmed by the authority of his counterparts. He was, truth be told, the icon of Paris, articulate, vivacious, attractive, loaded with trust in his own capacity to please. As he lets us know, the entire world at his feet. In the Story of My Calamities, he admits that at that time of his life he was loaded up with vanity and pride. I started to think myself the main scholar on the planet, with nothing to fear from anybody, thus I respected the desires of the substance. (p.65, ll.13-15). The initial segment of this announcement is a window into what made Abelard a person. He felt that he didn't need to keep similar guidelines that others did in light of the fact that he was better than them. The outcome was a man that did things any other way, for better or in negative ways. The second piece of that announcement lead Abelard down his next way of singularity, the first to cause him physical torment. To these issues he characteristics his destruction, which was as quick and shocking as was everything, apparently, in his amazing vocation. He lets us know in realistic language the story of how he experienced passionate feelings for Heloise, niece of Canon Fulbert. Peruse: Daedalus Myth And Portrait Of The Artist EssayIn the middle of his adventures he met Heloise, and in the first run through expounding on her in The Story of My Calamities he depicts her uniqueness. in the degree of her learning she stood preeminent. A present for letters is so uncommon in ladies that it added incredibly to her appeal and had won her eminence all through the domain. (p.66 ll.15-17). This shows Abelard esteemed independence exceptionally in others just as in himself. He masterminded a concurrence with Heloises uncle to teach her, and accessed Heloise. Their relationship incorporated the most extreme in individual flexibility and experimentation. They had a pre-marriage sexual illicit relationship of unmatched extent. The entire undertaking was completely contrary to the guidelines of society at that point, and was the perfection of the dynamic example of opportunities, transformed into the maltreatment of chance. Not long after Abelards singularity and prevalence made up for lost time over him. Heloise got pregnant, and Abelard couldn't effectively avoid the morals of society once more. To pacify her uncle, Abelard offered him fulfillment in a structure he would never have sought after: I would wed the young lady I had wronged. (p.70, ll.6-7). In this offer, Abelard demonstrated that he was withdrawn, on the grounds that to wed stealthily was extremely only an affront, and he thought of it as a supplement of the most elevated size. Because of this last affront, the uncle couldn't contain his wrath any more, and had Abelard emasculated. This significantly caused him torment for an amazing remainder. At that point Abelard left down his last way, yet at the same time as a person. He settled on the choice to turn into a priest. About this choice he composes, I concede that it was disgrace and disarray in my regret and hopelessness that instead of any faithful wish for transformation which carried me to look for cover a religious community group. (p.76, ll.15-17). Abelard is separating himself from others by exhibit that while he settled on a decision that others had likewise settled on, he settled on the decision for uncommon reasons, reasons that are not the same as anybody elses. Obviously, when he was situated in this religious community, he began causing a ripple effect with the leader of the cloister, and doing things not expected of a priest: I put forth a concentrated effort for the most part to the investigation of the Scriptures as being increasingly reasonable to my current calling, yet I didn't entirely relinquish the guidance of the profane expressions wherein I was better rehearsed. (P. 77, l.31) This stimulated the jealousy and scorn of different heads of school against me. (P.78, l.5) No doubt Abelards extraordinary independence drove him into inconvenience regardless of where he turned, or what try he attempted. At the point when he applied himself to religion, he pushed himself into more difficulty than even he anticipated. In his most disliked contention he says that despite the fact that there is just a single God, God didn't generate Himself, despite the fact that there is the Son, the Father, and the Holy Ghost. This sets off a huge number of foes against Abelard, and is the start of an exceptionally awful notoriety for him. He will not abnegate anything he has stated, and is compelled to his own book consumed. This assault on his pride was the one to cause him the most agony. Abelard is annoyed at each progression by foes, and in the long run he moved to the wild. Abelard lived there in a rhetoric of weeds and cover (p.88, l. 22), while different his friends unquestionably would have thought of him as uncivil. This shows Abelard extremely just doesnt even consideration what anybody thinks. Before long, numerous excited understudy showed up at the wild spot, and a school was in the end made. Being an enthusiastic individual, Abelard titles the school dubious name of Paraclete as a method of reemphasizing his convictions about God, making foes assault him. He is again driven out because of a paranoid fear of injury or passing. Peruse: Art Of Poets EssayHis refusal to adjust to the specific standards of society was steady in any event, when his life was imperiled. It gets to the heart of the matter where he states, But now Satan has put such a large number of impediments in my way that I can discover no place to rest, or even to live; an outlaw and drifter, I convey wherever the scourge of Cain (p.102, ll.15-17). With standing all difficulty Abelard substantiates himself certainly a genuine individual Through various difficulties, that is perhaps his solitary consistent. Despite the fact that in shutting Abelard says, This is my experience constantly; a poor priest raised to be an abbot, the more pitiful as I have gotten increasingly affluent, all together that my model may control the aspiration of the individuals who have purposely picked a comparable course. (p.104, ll. 18-21), it is horrendously certain that the solitary way of singularity was the main course for him.

No Child Left Behind Act :: essays research papers

Proposition           The No Child Left Behind Act, a government social program that attempts to empowers after school projects ought to be wiped out and the additional supports given to schools to choose where it goes.  â â â â â â â â â The NCLB Act, â€Å"was intended to improve training and accomplishment in America’s schools in four plainly characterized ways: responsibility for results, an accentuation on doing what works dependent on logical research, extended parental alternatives and extended nearby control flexibility.† Basically the Federal government subsidizes schools for after-school projects to attempt to empower school interest among understudies and diminish dropping out of school. Instances of after-school programs financed by the NCLB demonstration are most importantly mentoring, at that point extra-curricular exercises, for example, sports, network administration and so forth. Issues/need           The NCLB Act isn't compelling due to the present circumstance of state governments calling certain schools â€Å"failures† in view of their low test scores, in this manner decreasing subsidizing to the school. On the off chance that the government is financing the NCLB Act for after school programs, doubtlessly it was subsidizing a non-powerful program. I have separated the results as follows.  â â â â â â â â â -Low grades, school gets decreased subsidizing and  â â â â â â â â â put â€Å"under state review.†  â â â â â â â â â -Teachers terminated, less thought process in understudies to remain  â â â â â â â â â in school. School’s educational plan is incapable.  â â â â â â â â â -Meaning more cash would need to be spent on the           NCLB Act for it to repay the loss of the  â â â â â â â â â school’s own after-school programs.  â â â â â â â â â -So bombing a school, in view of government  â â â â â â â â â standards, just to spend more on it? Burrowing  â â â â â â â â â their own snare gap. Approach Proposals In light of my comprehension of the instruction that I have gotten and the progressions that I have seen, there are numerous options in contrast to the NCLB Act, some of which I will clarify underneath. - Focus on reinforcing the educational program. Subjects should help understudy later on. Presentation of GE courses in secondary school, rather than presenting GE courses in school.

Term Paper Writing Service in Canada - It is a Popular Choice

Term Paper Writing Service in Canada - It is a Popular ChoiceHave you ever written a term paper yourself? If you are a first time term paper writer, writing your own paper can be difficult if you are not in the right mindset to do so.Paper writing is not as easy as it seems. It requires a lot of effort and hard work for even the most experienced writers to accomplish a successful term paper. The writer should have a clear direction and motivation to write a term paper.A Term Paper writing service in Canada is a benefit for those writers who have the ability to compose their own term papers but who are not too enthusiastic about writing one. Term paper writing service in Canada also helps writers in getting the guidance they need in terms of templates, strategies, tips, techniques, etc. One of the best advantages of this service is that it does not charge fees for this. However, if the writer wants to produce a product for sale or distribute it to a college, then he may have to pay so me royalties to the service provider.Although, writing a term paper is not something all writers find enjoyable, it is a practice that students generally love to do. Moreover, it provides them with a lot of opportunities to enhance their skills and knowledge on the course of study.When a student has to write a term paper, it is important to have a clear vision of what he wants to say on his paper and how he would like to present it. In this way, he can have a better understanding of the subject matter. Besides, it allows him to think out of the box, especially when writing about a complex issue that is outside his sphere of expertise.On the other hand, there are also many writers who are not comfortable with this subject and do not find term paper writing service in Canada of any use. This is due to the fact that they lack the skills, tools and expertise to create something good out of this.Also, when a term paper is written by someone else, there are many factors that he or she doe s not take into consideration. For example, he or she will overlook certain crucial aspects like spelling, grammar, or language. They may not realize that the material in the term paper is not as important as what the readers need to understand and thus, the conclusion on the paper may not be satisfactory to the reader.If you want to produce a good term paper that is sure to win over the judges, then do not hesitate to make use of term paper writing service in Canada. Besides, this service will help you focus more on your topic and on researching the relevant facts, figures, figures of the topic to produce an effective term paper.

Fixed-Interval Schedule and Operant Conditioning

Fixed-Interval Schedule and Operant Conditioning Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Fixed-Interval Schedule and Operant Conditioning By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 16, 2020 Nick M Do/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In operant conditioning, a fixed-interval schedule is a schedule of reinforcement where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed. This schedule causes high amounts of responding near the end of the interval but much slower responding immediately after the delivery of the reinforcer. As you may remember, operant conditioning relies on either reinforcement or punishment to strengthen or weaken a response.?? This process of learning involves forming an association with behavior and the consequences of that behavior. Behaviors that are followed by desirable outcomes become stronger and therefore more likely to occur again in the future. Actions that are followed by unfavorable outcomes become less likely to occur again in the future.   It was noted psychologist  B.F. Skinner  who first described this operant conditioning process. By reinforcing actions, he observed, those actions became stronger.?? By punishing behaviors, however, those actions become weakened. In addition to this basic process, he also noted that the rate at which behaviors were either reinforced or punished also played a role in how quickly a response was received and the strength of that response. How Does a Fixed-Interval Schedule Work? In order to better understand how a fixed-interval schedule works, lets begin by taking a closer look at the term itself. A schedule refers to the rate at which the reinforcement is delivered or how frequently a response is reinforced. An interval refers to a period of time, which suggests that the rate of delivery is dependent upon how much time has elapsed.?? Finally, fixed suggests that the timing of delivery is set at a predictable and unchanging schedule. For example, imagine that you are training a pigeon to peck at a key. You put the animal on a fixed-interval 30 schedule (FI-30), which means that the bird will receive a food pellet every 30 seconds. The pigeon can continue to peck the key during that interval but will only receive reinforcement for the first peck of the key after that fixed 30-second interval has elapsed. Characteristics   There are a few characteristics of the fixed-interval schedule that make it distinctive. Some of these can be seen as benefits, while some might be considered drawbacks. Results is a fairly significant post-reinforcement pause in respondingResponses tend to increase gradually as the reinforcement time draws closer The big problem with this type of schedule is that the behavior tends to occur only right before the reinforcement is delivered. If a student knows that there will be an exam every Friday, he might only begin studying on Thursday night. If a child knows she gets her allowance on Sunday as long as her bedroom is clean, she probably wont clean up her room until Saturday night. The response rate in a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule is fairly predictable; it increases as the reinforcement time arrives and then drops off precipitously immediately after reinforcement. Examples It can be helpful to look at a few different examples of the fixed-interval schedule in order to better understand how this reinforcement schedule works and what impact it might have on behavior. Fixed Interval Schedules in a Lab Setting Imagine that you are training a rat to press a lever, but you only reinforce the first response after a ten-minute interval. The rat does not press the bar much during the first 5 minutes after reinforcement  but begins to press the lever more and more often the closer you get to the ten-minute mark. Fixed Interval Schedules in the Real World A weekly paycheck is a good example of a fixed-interval schedule. The employee receives reinforcement every seven days, which may result in a higher response rate as payday approaches.Dental exams also take place on a fixed-interval schedule. People who go in for their regular six-month checkup and cleaning often take extra care to clean their teeth right before the exam, yet may not be as diligent on a day to day basis during the six months prior to the exam. A Word From Verywell Fixed-interval schedules can be an important tool when teaching new behaviors. Sometimes these schedules occur naturally, while other times they are artificially created and controlled by rewards systems. If you are planning to utilize some sort of reinforcement schedule to teach a behavior, it is important to consider how the fixed-interval schedule might influence the speed of learning as well as the rate of response.

The Ultimate Guide to Startup Sales Tools

The Ultimate Guide to Startup Sales Tools Here’s a hard fact: not all startups succeed. In fact, 9 out of 10 startups fail, and that is mostly blamed on their inability to generate enough sales. Or, as some experts point out, there is enough sales, but they are undervalued, which basically means that the startup is still not generating the level of sales it needs to sustain itself and be successful.Some say that there are people meant to be in sales, and they are likely to own that one out of the 10 startups that actually succeeded. What they don’t know is that that single successful startup may have used tools and other resources to ensure that it values its sales properly. These tools include startup sales tools. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, you can gain insights about those startup sales tools. We will explore 1) an overview on startup sales tools, 2) startup sales tools before sales, 3) during sales, and 4) after sales.OVERVIEW ON STARTUP SALES TOOLSYou might think that, as long as you have the drive, determination and initiative to go out there and reach out to your customers, the sales will simply come in. It is not as simple or as easy as that. The entire sales process can be quite complicated, especially for those who are just starting out. But not all hope is gone, since there are sales tools that can be utilized. Lucky for startups, there are sales tools that are specifically designed for their use. It’s just a matter of identifying what those tools are and how they will be effectively employed in the business operations.We can classify startup sales tools according to their application, or the point in the business cycle when they will be used, into three cat egories:Before Sales or Pre-Sales tools are those that are geared towards helping with lead generation and sales and market intelligence.During Sales tools are used to aid the members of the sales team in their collaboration, how they deliver sales pitches, and eventually close a sale.After Sales or Post-Sales tools refer to the tools that are designed primarily for customer engagement and the cultivation of customer loyalty.In the following discussion, we will be looking at the top startup sales tools that fall under the above categories.STARTUP SALES TOOLS â€" BEFORE SALESCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) toolsBefore you can expect to generate sales, you first have to address the issue on “who” will be buying your products: your customers. You have to find out who your customers are, establish a connection with them, and manage your relationship. This is where the CRM tools come in.Salesforce: This enterprise cloud-computing provider offers the utilization of its social a nd mobile cloud technologies to allow startups to connect with its customers. This tool allows a lot of room for customization, so startups can configure it to suit their particular needs. It is also flexible, since it is compatible with other product “Clouds”, as well as offering easy integration with other marketing and sales software. The main downside is that it can be quite expensive, with its Enterprise account charging $125 monthly.Zoho CRM: With this tool, startups will have a “complete customer relationship lifecycle management solution”, which covers the business’ inventory, sales, marketing and customer support systems. It is considered by many to be within affordable range and very user-friendly, doing away with the usual hoops and loops to put it in place. However, this simplicity makes it appear too basic and not as in-depth as many wanted or expected.Predictive Sales toolsTwo startups manage to identify a potential customer group. However, one startup is abl e to win more customers than the other, and the disparity between the number of deals they closed was also very high. What made that startup succeed where the other didn’t? The use of predictive sales tools.Infer: The strength of Infer is in how it offers rich profiles for leads and makes use of data science in order to identify which leads have the highest potential for conversion. It also provides measurement results rapidly, so there is no need to wait for months on end for results. Infer is also known for its excellent customer service, which is something every startup will definitely find appealing.Fliptop: The main function of Fliptop is the aggregation of social data and public web, and its leveraging data science for sales generation. It offers predictive lead scoring so you know which leads are worth paying attention to. Its campaign optimization feature also allows real-time monitoring of your campaigns. It’s easy to set up and navigate, although startups would have to work with the Fliptop team for a bit to fully implement it. Linkedin just bought Fliptop.Lead Generation and Intelligence toolsMarketing and sales teams are tasked to perform lead generation activities, and this requires a lot of close attention. So you were able to generate leads; what next? You have to look into these leads and analyze them so you can get more useful information for your sales strategy.With the help of the following tools, they will have a relatively easier time of it.ZoomInfo: If you want a comprehensive source of business data and information on companies, organizations and people all over the world, your best bet is the large database of ZoomInfo. The profiles it provides are detailed and updated, giving you all the information you want and need. Even the Search feature is very precise, so you won’t have to “wander around” aimlessly.Datanyze: Datanyze pays attention on the websites used by businesses and companies, particularly on the technologies that a re being used. This tool allows startups to track websites, retrieve updated information on companies and businesses and their websites, and build a customized predictive model for leads and prospects. Unfortunately, it has still yet to be designed for integration with other outbound sales and marketing platforms.Social Sales Utilization toolsSocial media has certainly been instrumental in many businesses, particularly their sales strategies. Here are tools that will maximize your startup’s online presence, discover leads, and generate sales.TrackMaven: Using this tool will give startups a universal feed where they can access multiple marketing and social channels, such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Instagram, YouTube, Tumblr, Pinterest, and email, among others. You can filter the content that will appear on your feed and customize the reports you want to see. TrackMaven is greatly commended for providing competitive and reliable data in real time.Socedo: Keywords have always pla yed a crucial role in internet marketing, and that is what Socedo zeroes in on. It equips startups with contacts lists that are derived from keywords submitted by users, as well as a list and ranking of prospects for lead optimization. Unfortunately, this does not have a free version, which can be disappointing to startups that prefer testing it out first before dishing out money for the full or pro version.Strategic Marketing-Sales Collaboration toolsThe sales team and the marketing team have to work together, so they have to make sure that their respective strategies are aligned with each other.FullCircle: Startups will be able to perform funnel analysis, where they can see metrics in a single place. With its Response Lifecycle Management feature, each and every response generated will be analyzed and managed, and you will also get accurate campaign ROI. Although it is quite expensive, users find it very easy to use, especially with other marketing automation software.Influitive: Campaign management, marketing management and advocate segmentation are simply some of the benefits of Influitive. It provides startups an effective and efficient communication system for advocate segmentation and management. It boasts a superior customer support, although it needs improvement when it comes to its mobile interface.STARTUP SALES TOOLS â€" DURING SALESPhone Brigade / Calling toolsGetting in touch on a personal level remains to be the best way to engage customers. Conduct a conversation with them, and you have more likelihood of turning them into buying customers. Calling them with the following tools will help you generate higher instances of meaningful conversations with customers.BlitzFlow: Startups often do not have enough money to spend on a lot of sales representatives. BlitzFlow aims to fill that void by assisting sales reps, allowing them to maximize their workflow without the need to add more people. Its features include call queueing (cutting down call hold a nd waiting times), sending emails (to make way for multi-tasking), and customizing the calling dashboard to filter only the vital information required (to cut back on inefficiencies and delays).InsideSales PowerDialer: This tool’s sales acceleration technology allows users to filter through records and sort them in order to find the best prospects. Aside from list prioritization, it offers a load of other useful features, including one-click dialing, call routing, and pre-recorded voice messaging. It utilized a click-to-call format, and allows automatic syncing for those who are also using SalesForce.Email facilitiesEmail intelligence is an integral part of online marketing, and startups should also take advantage of the tools available to them.LiveHive: If you are having problems with emails going unanswered, LiveHive is the ideal troubleshooter for that. It helps in the generation of new leads and actively tracks content y offering real-time alerts and notifications with respect to page views and email readouts. It also enhances a startups sales planning process by providing regular forecasts. The interface could do with some minor improvements, but it is still very easy to use and implement, which makes it a favorite among startups.FullContact: When getting in touch with customers during sales, you have to make sure you are fully involved. FullContact ensures that you are fully connected with customers and other relevant contacts. It allows users to manage all contacts (keeping them updated, in real-time) in one place. It also has the advantage of being self-correcting, avoiding misspellings, duplications and redundancies in the contacts and details list.Content Sharing toolsOnce you get in touch with customers and the sales process is underway, you have to deliver necessary information to them. These tools are your best bets:DocSend: When you use DocSend, you can track who is viewing the content that you are sharing and even the length of time that they are viewed by certain users. In some tools, the sender loses control after the document has been shared. In DocSend, the control remains in the hands of the sharer, and he or she can change the permissions of the other viewers or users. The only disadvantage is that the startup should choose the Enterprise plan in order for it to be integrated with SalesForce and the company’s telephone support.ClearSlide: In this tool, visibility and analytics are updated and available in real time. This allows the startup to have more and closer interactions with its customers and other members of the team. ClearSlide also had audio and HD video features for higher quality of communication. It might take a while for users to get used to the interface but once they do, working with it will be a breeze.Mobile Connection toolsThanks to mobile technology, staying in touch with your customers is made easier and more convenient. Engage with your customers using the following tools:Clari: When it comes to mobile-first platforms, Clari is one of the pioneers. It arms users with data science that will enable them to perform in-depth sales analysis. Risk management is also enforced, since it provides CRM updates, as well as lets you track your progress. Those data entry tasks that used to take a lot of time will now be performed quickly due to automation by Clari.Roambi: You can now turn any mobile data into a content or information that can be easily visualized and used for analytics and forecasting purposes. It is versatile in the sense that it can work with any data source, so there is no need to go through conversions of data just for Roambi to accept it for processing. The disadvantage, however, is that it only works for Apple products, which easily pushes Android users out of the picture.Custom Contract toolsFinalizing sales often involve the creation of contracts as well as the drawing up of proposals for continuing partnerships or relationships. Fortunately, it is now easier to customize contracts to suit your business goals and objectives.Handshake: Gone are the days when contracts and agreements have to be written by hand, or typed on manual devices. This application sets up an order management central, where all orders are stored for review and confirmation. Even customer information are included in the system, and you can sync all information with other business systems. Again, when it comes to mobile use, it is only available for Apple products.DocuSign: You no longer have to personally hunt down the other signatories of the contract or proposal, because they can electronically affix their signatures using DocuSign’s facilities. It also has the capacity to handle multiple recipients of the contracts.STARTUP SALES TOOLS â€" AFTER SALESSales Operations toolsThe closing of a sale is not the end of the sales transaction. There is also the post-sales stage to consider. Businesses take this opportunity to get feedback so it can improve its business pr ocesses related to sales.InsightSquared: It gets easier to come up with a comprehensive set of reports, and it doesn’t have to take weeks or months, either. In mere days, sales reports are made available for analysis and forecasting. A sales dashboard will help simplify things, and it can be customized depending on the sales operations of the startup.CallidusCloud: The unique feature of this software is its Sales and Channel Enablement tool, which sets up a central content repository, where all information related to the sales of the startup are stored, organized and managed. Collaboration among sales representatives is also facilitated, so they can share whatever post-sales insights they may have that can potentially improve the company’s sales processes.Coaching and Incentives toolsSales representatives are the driving force of the sales process. Without them, there is no chance of a deal being closed. Therefore, it is a good idea for startups to have its own programs geared t owards coaching of its sales reps, and providing incentives and giving credit when and where it is due.Rivalry: You need to have a complete documentation on all matters relating to your sales representatives and their selling activities. This is where Rivalry works best, since it provides a platform for documentation, viewing of rankings and performance evaluations as well as putting up a live leaderboard. If you have coaching plans you need to distribute to your sales reps, you can do that through Rivalry. This is a good fit with SalesForce, since syncing is automatic.LevelEleven: Keeping track of all the members of your sales team is one way to ensure that their performance is always up to par. With LevelEleven, you have a way to provide your sales team with a way to track their own performance, via analytics, metrics and peer-to-peer comparisons. It also gives alerts and notifications when even one member of the team is lagging in terms of sales performance. It is, however, very expensive.Chat capabilities toolsContinue communicating with customers to find out what they think about doing business with you, whether it has something to do with your product, or the way you delivered the products or the service. Chat is one of these feedback mechanisms that you can use.Olark: This chat facility has the Targeted Chat feature, which allows the business to accept feedback only from recognized customers (for example, those who are verified buyers). It is also designed for customer relationship management, which is why it can be integrated easily with other CRM applications such as SalesForce, HighRise and even Desk.com.SaleMove: Every visitor to your website can be tracked â€" i.e. the pages he visits, the products he clicks or views, the duration of his visit for each page â€" with the help of SaleMove. In fact, it has been said that it can track even faster than Google’s Analytics, which is already fast. It also comes with an audio/video chat facility and it is embedded directly on the website, doing away with the need to download or install anything.Pricing optimization toolsStudying your pricing should be a continuous process. While you have already performed price-setting beforehand, there is a need to always keep track of possible circumstances that can potentially increase or decrease the price you have originally set.Vendavo: The price-setting process requires a lot of data and information to be analyzed. With Vendavo, you get all that data in real-time, compiled systematically for you to retrieve later when you have to review your pricing decisions. Price changes can be tracked and adjustments may be made immediately. The dashboard is very clean, so working with it is painless, and the analytics returned are in-depth and highly reliable, giving you more confidence in your pricing decisions.Zilliant: What-if situations give rise of questions on whether you priced a product right or not. With zilliant, startups will have a pricing gu idance that is designed to address various scenarios and circumstances. It also helps startups in their pricing decisions with its Predictive Price Optimization Model.Customer Success toolsCustomer success management is essential if you want to build a loyal customer base comprised of repetitive buyers or purchasers of your product or service.Gainsight: Sponsor tracking, NPS surveys, real-time data capture, and storage of quantitative and qualitative customer data. These are only a few of the many benefits that may be obtained when using the Gainsight tools. There are requests for the software to incorporate a Search feature, and once it is in place, there is no doubt that this is one tool that every startup should have.Totango: Profiling of customers does not end when a deal is closed. In fact, it is more important than ever that you stay abreast of any updates or information about your customers. Totango retrieves data from multiple system sources, so the profiles are more compreh ensive and complete. Although this system is designed with larger enterprises in mind, small to medium businesses and startups should not have any problems applying it as well. Here is an interview with Totangos founder.Customer Engagement toolsHow do you ensure that you continue engaging with your customers as well as other partners? Keep in touch with them. And use the following tools:Skilljar: With this tool, the business can come up with multimedia courses, using audio, video, PDF and other document files. Designing a course can be tricky, but with the help of Skilljar, it becomes relatively easier. You will be able to develop engaging trainings and courses while tracking detailed analytics as it is integrated with other systems.Intercom: This tool, which is primarily designed for web businesses, offers a filtering function that divides users into segments, depending on their goals. The four programs available in this toll are Acquire (which lets users talk to visitors into beco ming customers, directly on their website), Engage (which talks new registrants to the website to become active in investing or buying), Learn (which derives product feedback from verified customers), and Support (which helps streamline the way support is provided by the company to the customers).Many of the tools mentioned are relatively new, and so are still relatively unfamiliar to many users. However, with the wealth of features and functionalities that they offer, they are bound to be widely-used in the near future, especially by startups and small businesses.